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Earthing system is required to guard human life in addition to safety of outside tools in opposition to ex-cessive contact voltages & lightning strcoks and to maintain transferred potential to a minimal. To present the low resistance of the earth grid or path for nurtalize the surge voltage and impression. The goal of earthing design is to offer path for distich of lighting and hold the utmost voltage gradient alongside the floor inside protected limits throughout fault/surge.
The earthing system primarily consists of earthing grid buried within the floor arae close to to protecting equipments. From the earthing community, collector community will run to all equipments that are to be earthed. The full collector community at totally different elevations is linked to the earthing grid by vertical risers/earthing stips/appropriate measurement of cable.
What is lightning?
As all we is aware of about Lightning & everybody will need to have been seen within the wet session. In any of the voltage circuit there may be two cost One is Positive and one other one is unfavourable. Now Negative cost journey in to the route of optimistic cost to make circuit full with the assistance of some path like wire, conductor & air additionally. Now the Lightning is identical phenomenon of during which unfavourable electrical expenses are constructed up in a thunderstorm to discharge to the bottom (optimistic/ no cost) space because of dielectric breakdown within the air.
Why Earthing is required?
Earthing is used for security and safety objective from lightning & any form of surge. During the lightning, An enormous quantity of present (round 20-150kA) movement as resultant of voltage discharge. If surge or direct lightning strike in constructing, gentle towers, human or another outside tools, a excessive voltage impulse is transmitted in to the bottom and it’ll have an effect on the physique and equipments.
What are the advantages of Earthing?
Earthing is required for security objective and it’ll additionally really useful by authorities to make use of earthing for any of system safety. For industrial software it’s obligatory to make use of and likewise really useful for home functions. There are main following advantages on earthing system,
- To defend outside put in photo voltaic PV module/plates from lightning.
- To keep away from any human causality attributable to surge.
- For safety & security of value tools & keep away from any main loss.
- To campily authorities norms to get approval in case of Industrial in addition to Domestic software (above 50kW Solar plant system).
How does Earthing work?
Due to Surge or Lightning strike excessive voltage impulse transmitted into earth by means of air & any of the opposite tools linked to earth like constructing , human, tower poles and so on. We know each materials has some resistive high quality so we any divert the lightning route or keep away from the any hazard case with offering the low resistive path to surge for neutralize the lightning impression. Charge at all times comply with low resistive path or nearest level for distich of power. Hence Lightning arrester used on the prime of any protecting tools and identical will join with separated earthing strip/cable upto earthing pit to realize low resistance path for strike.
Earthing Kit Materials
| Components | Summary |
| Lighting Arrester |
Made of Copper Rod Height – 1.2 – 1.5 meter lengthy Resistance – 3 Ohm – 5 Ohm. Quantity – 1 (Compulsory), 1+ (As per venture requirement) |
| Wire | Thickness – 16 sq.mm (DC / AC anybody) |
| Earthing Pit |
Plain Area – 4.5 ft. to 10 ft. Hilly Area – (Will replace quickly) |
| Earthing Rods |
Quantity – 3 Length – 8 ft. |
| Chemical Compounds |
(Will replace) |
1. Galvanized metal – For floor or air contact earthing materials used Galvanized Iron or tinned copper sort flat or rods as per availability for connection upto LA & undergrounds risers. Galvanizing metal and tinned copper are particularly used to keep away from corrosion on the fabric and to lengthen the life.
2. Copper rod – For undergrounds pit earthing we are able to used non- galvanized or untinned copper materials.
3. Lightning arrestors –Generally 2-3 meter lengthy LA used primarily based on the design requirement used on the floor prime o defend the tools from lightning spickes.
4. Flexible single core sort Copper cable – Single core versatile copper with 1.1kV/0.6kV voltage grade, FRLS (Fire redundant low smoke) XLEP/PVC 4,6,10,16 or 25 sq. mm. cable measurement can be utilized primarily based on the design requirement. 4 sq.mm for every PV/ photo voltaic module connection, ACDB & inverter interconnection.
5. Bentonite Powder – Bentonite clay used to decrease the resistance to earth by offering floor enhancement successfully lowering the resistance between the soil and earth electrode (comparable to copper earth rod or earth mats) by retaining moisture.
6. Chemical compounds –This is particular sort of earthing materials added to earth pit that helps in bettering the situation of the soil and lowering the soil resistivity. It is combination of sodium & potassium chloride & the compound acts as ionic chemical, which assists in conducting electrical energy.
7. Insulators – They are used for isolating the earthing materials from floor space or wall to keep away from spreed of excessive voltage impulse into floor throughout lightning strike.
8. Installation equipment – Bolt, clamps & different equipment are used to repair the lightning materials.
Beginner Guide for Earthing Installation
So many articles and IEC/IEEE/IS normal obtainable on earthing calculation and concerning to set up. However we are able to select earthing materials and kind primarily based on the required objective and availability of fabric at web site. Earthing for High voltage space, like all sort of Power station, Switchyard station, multi ground condominium & another plant and so on. mat/grid primarily based underground earthing with GS/Copper materials want to offer for reaching floor resistance lower than 1 ohm meter as per IEEE 80 normal.
a. Earthing Kit Installation in Plain Areas
b. Earthing Kit Installation in Hilly Areas
For regular space as like home, floor space, pole and so on. we are able to present normal earthing with buried of copper/GI materials 3 meter rod in to the bottom with some soil enhancing compound materials to realize low resistive path for earthing and lightning.
Step 1: Check Requirement of LA
Survey Solar Panel Installation Area, in case you discover any most peak buildings in 30 ft (10 meters) radius areas, there isn’t a want of lighting arrester on that web site. If your photo voltaic panel set up is on most peak there, it should be set up Lighting arrester.
Step 2: Measure Distance & Height of Installation
If you verify step 1, then you must measure the space from photo voltaic panels and lighting arrester set up. The normal guideline is distance must be 3-4 ft. from photo voltaic panels and lighting arrester. And the second step is peak of lighting arrester must be 12 to fifteen ft. from photo voltaic panel set up. It may be range. If anybody installs photo voltaic panels on excessive rise panel stands, then it must be approx. 12 to fifteen ft. The golden rule is 4 to five ft. most from photo voltaic panels.
Distance: 5-10 ft. distance from photo voltaic panel set up
Height: 6 to 7 ft. peak of photo voltaic panel set up
Step 3: Use Insulator
Porceline insulator (appropriate for 1.1kV) to keep away from touching of earthing flat materials with floor.
Step 4: Earthing Pit & Chemical Compound
Three (3) nos. Earthing pit really useful as per Govt. Guideline. One is for Panel Stand, Second is for Inverter & third is for Lighting Arrester. Some Soil enhancing chemical compound materials (charcole & bentonite blended clay)
Step 5: Wiring
16 sq. mm. versatile Cable for for LA earthing connection. You can put all incoming wires in single pvc pipe.
Cost of Earthing equipment
Cost of earthing kit additionally rely up on the chosen sort of fabric & score of photo voltaic plant, nonetheless for upto 25kW photo voltaic system with GI flat/riser rod earthing equipment value could be approx. Rs. 8000 per per earthing equipment. That means, in case you set up 3 earthing equipment, it’s important to pay approx. Rs. 25,000 for all rooftop photo voltaic vegetation. In this value, you’re going to get all parts, and set up too.
Conclusion
So many distributors obtainable in market with earthing answer. However in Loom Solar, earthing answer & kits can be found with big selection of earthing materials choices. Please go to Loom photo voltaic or contact with photo voltaic skilled workforce.
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